高压输电线路故障定位的研究.docx

摘要如何快速、精确地实现线路故障点的确定是故障测距的基本任务是电力系统继电保护领域的一个重要研究课题。输电线路担负着传送电能的重要任务是电力系统的经济命脉其故障直接威胁到电力系统的安全运行。故障测距根据不同的故障特征迅速准确地测定故障点的位置从而减轻工人巡线负担有利于及时排除故障使线路快速恢复供电减少因停电而造成的综合经济损失同时还能帮助发现绝缘隐患保证电网的安全稳定运行。高压输电线路故障定位分为单端电气量测距和双端电气量测距。单端电气量测距只利用线路一侧的电压和电流原理上无法避免过渡电阻、两侧系统的影响同时受线路实际参数不平衡、频变等的影响因此其测距精度在实用中不高难以满足工程实际的要求。双端电气量测距原理上能够克服过渡电阻、两侧系统等的影响相比之下精度大大提高但是双端电气量测距受不同步采样、线路实际参数不平衡等的影响因此在实际应用中的相对误差却比较大。本文简要介绍了MATLAB的特点建立了基于MATLAB仿真技术的高压输电线路模型根据该模型利用SIMULINK数学模块实现了对双端电气量输电线路准确故障定位的数字仿真。结果表明所建立模型简单、方便利用MATLAB进行仿真同样具有较高精度满足工程实际要求。关键词MATLAB/SIMULINK；高压输电线路；故障定位；双端测距AbstractQuickandaccuratelocalizationoffaultsisthebasictaskoffaultlocationaswellasanimportantresearchsubjectinpowersystemrelayprotection．Transmissionlinesareresponsibleforthedeliveryofelectricenergyandtheirfaultsinfluencethesafeoperationofpowersystemdirectly．Faultpointsmustbefoundoutsoonaccordingtovariousfaultfeaturesthroughfaultlocationandthenburdenoflinesmanislightened；faultscanbeclearedintimetorecoverpowersupplyoftransmissionlinesquicklysothattheeconomiclossesresultedfrompowerfailureisreducedwhichcanalsohelptofindoutincipientfaultofinsulationtoensurethesafeandstableoperationofelectricnetwork．Thealgorithtmsoffaultlocationcanbedividedintosingle-terminallocationandtwo-terminallocationaccordingtomeasurementinformation.Whenthesingle-terminallocationalgorithmbasedonthefundamentalfrequencycomponentisusedtolocatethefaultpositionitisimpossibletoeliminatetheinfluenceoftransitionresistanceandequivalentimpedancevariationofremotesource．Withthedevelopmentofcommunicationandcomputernetworktechniquestwo-terminallocationhasbecomemoreattractivewhichcaneliminatetheinfluenceoftransitionresistanceandequivalentimpedancevariationofremotesourceintheory．ThefeaturesofMATLABareconciselypresented.UsingMATLABsoftwareamodelofhighvoltagetransmissionlines