预览加载中，请您耐心等待几秒...

文章YouAreWhatYouThink.doc

预览
1/4
2/4
3/4
4/4

在线预览结束，喜欢就下载吧，查找使用更方便

下载提示 文本预览

如果您无法下载资料，请参考说明：

1、部分资料下载需要金币，请确保您的账户上有足够的金币

2、已购买过的文档，再次下载不重复扣费

3、资料包下载后请先用软件解压，在使用对应软件打开

YouAreWhatYouThink Andifyouchangeyourmind---frompessimismtooptimism---youcanchangeyourlife ClaipeSafran 1Doyouseetheglassashalf-fullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehole?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking. 2Afast-growingbodyofresearch-104studiessofar,involvingsome15000people---isprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifwecouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraigA.AndersonofRiceUniversityinHouston,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthenagainstthesementalills.” 3“Yourabilitiescount,”explainspsychologistMichaelF.ScheierofCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPittsburgh,“butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.”Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways. 4Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistMartinE.P.SeligmanoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandcolleaguePeterSchulmansurveyedsalesrepresentativesattheMetropolitanLifeInsuranceCo.Theyfoundthatthepositive-thinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37-percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegative-thinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20-percentmore. 5Impressed,thecompanyhired100peoplewhohadfailedthestandardindustrytestbuthadscoredhighonoptimism.Thesepeople,whomightneverhavebeenhired,sold10-percentmoreinsurancethandidtheaveragerepresentative. 6Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccess,accordingtoSeligman,isinhis“explanatorystyle”.Whenthingsgowrongthepessimisttendstoblamehimself.“I’mnogoodatthis,”hesays,“Ialwaysfail.”Theoptimistlooksforloopholes.Heblamestheweather,thephoneconnection,eventheotherperson.Thatcustomerwasinabadmood,hethinks.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke. 7CraigAndersonhadagroupofstudentsphonestrangersandaskthemtodonatebloodtotheRedCross.Whentheyfailedonthe