高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典及解析.pdf

高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题经典及分析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最正确选项。

Anewstudyfrombrainresearchershelpsexplainhowthehumanbrainevolvedorchanged

overtime,topermitpeopletospeakandwrite.

MichaelUllman,theleadresearcher,aprofessoratGeorgetownUniversityMedicalSchoolin

Washington,D.C,hasbeenstudyinglanguagelearningformorethan20years.

Ullmansayshisresearchshowsthatthehumanbraindoesnothaveaspecialareaorsystem

formakinglanguage.Overtimewehavesimplyreusedorco-opted指派()partsofourbrainfor

language.Andthoseparts,hesays,areancient-oldereventhanhumansthemselves.

"Thisstudyexaminesthetheoreticalframework(准则)thatlanguageislearned,storedand'

processedintwoancientlearningandmemorysystemsinthebrain."

Ullman,Hamrickandtherestoftheteamlookedatdatafrom16otherstudiesonlanguage.

Theyfoundthatpeoplelearnlanguageusingtwomemorysystems:declarativeandprocedural.
Memorizingvocabulary,forexample,isadeclarativememoryprocess.Butlearninggrammaris,

mostly,aproceduralmemoryprocess.

"Declarativememory,inhumansatleast,iswhatwethinkofaslearningmemory',suchas,'Oh,

rememberwhatyousaidlastnight'orthingslikethat.Andproceduralmotormemoryiswhatwe
oftencallmotormemory'suchashowyoulearntorideabicycle."Or,Ullmanadds,"These
proceduralmemoryskillsbecomesodeeplyleanedthatwearenolongerawarethatwearedoing

them."

However,Ullmanexplainsthatthetwolong-termmemorysystemscansharetasks.And,he

adds,theadultbrainusesthesystemstolearnlanguageabitdifferentlythanachild'sbrain.

"Adultlanguagelearnersofasecondlanguagemayusetheirdeclarativememoryforusing
grammarpatterns.Theythinkaboutitpurposefully.Forachild,thegrammarmaycomemore

naturally.Theydon'thavetothinkaboutthegrammarrulesbeforespeaking."
Inadditiontolanguagelearners,Ullman'sstudycouldhelppeoplewhohaveabraininjurythat
affectsspeakingandwriting.Thisknowledgecanalsohelpthosewhohavelearningdisabilities
suchasdyslexia阅读阻碍().Peoplewithdyslexiahavedifficultyrecognizingwordsandsymbols

accurately.

（1）HowdidUllmanstudyhuman'smemorysystems?