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第32卷第3期干旱地区农业研究Vol.32No.3 2014年5月AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreasMay2014  不同覆盖措施对旱区农田土壤 酶活性及西瓜产量的影响 吴宏亮1,2,许强2,陈阜1,康建宏2,张海林1,张战胜2 (1.中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/农业部农作制度重点实验室,北京100193; 2.宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021) 摘要:基于大田试验,研究了砂石+地膜覆盖,砂石覆盖,地膜覆盖3种旱区农田地表不同覆盖措施下的土 壤酶活性及西瓜产量,以农田不覆盖(CK)为对照。结果表明:砂石+地膜覆盖在西瓜不同生育时期和不同土壤层 次由于土壤水分条件的改善,可显著提高土壤酶活性,其中土壤脲酶活性提高了34.5%,碱性磷酸酶提高了 13.0%,过氧化氢酶提高了29.5%,砂石覆盖次之(分别提高了31.4%,11.5%,25.5%),地膜覆膜处理虽然也有提 高土壤三种酶活性的效果,但作用甚微(仅0.9%,1.4%,2.9%)。对西瓜产量及商品率的影响,砂石+地膜覆盖、 砂石覆盖处理与对照相比增产效果显著,分别增产50倍和30倍,地膜覆盖与对照相比增产7倍,但是商品率较低 (2.16%)。表明在当地旱区农业生产中,砂石+地膜覆盖或砂石覆盖是抗旱、增产增收的有效措施。 关键词:砂石覆盖;地膜覆盖;西瓜;土壤酶活性;土壤含水量;旱地农田 中图分类号:S651.048;S154.2文献标志码:A文章编号:10007601(2014)03017306 Effectofdifferentmulchingmethodsonsoilenzymeactivityand watermelonproductioninfarmlandofaridareas WUHongliang1,2,XUQiang2,CHENFu1,KANGJianhong2,ZHANGHailin1,ZHANGZhansheng2 (1.CollegeofAgronomyandBiotechnology,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity;KeyLaboratoryofFarmingSystem, MinistryofAgriculture,Beijing100193,China;2.CollegeofAgronomy,NingxiaUniversity,Yinchuan750021,China) Abstract:Soilenzymeactivityandwatermelonproductionwereinvestigatedbyfieldexperimentinaridareas.Four treatmentswereperformed,gravelsandandplasticfilmmulching(GFM),gravelsandmulching(GM),plasticfilm mulching(FM),andbarefarmland(CK).TheresultsindicatedthattheGFMsignificantlyincreasedactivitiesofsoil urease,alkaline,catalasephosphataseby34.5%,13.0%,and29.5%,ascomparedwiththeCK,duetotheim provedthesoilwatercontentindifferentsoildepthduringdifferentgrowthstages.GMtreatmentalsoshowedsignificant effect,withthoseenzymesincreasedby31.4%,11.5%,25.5%,respectively.Inaddition,minimalinfluenceofFM wasdetected.Watermelonyieldanditscommercializationratevariedwiththetreatments.IncomparisonwiththeCK, theyieldwassignificantlyincreasedby50timesand30timesforGFMandGMrespectively.Bycontrast,thecommer cializationratewasverylow(2.16%).Itwassuggestedthatthecombinationofgravelsandandplasticfilmmulching (GFM)