连词&关联词.doc

连词&关联词连词在句子中不做成分，仅表示前后关系。1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分。1)连接语词：slowbutsafe/eitherthis，weekornextweek2)连接分句：Iwentandshealso.2.可分别表示下列关系。1）转折：but,yet,however,nevertheless2)因果：so,for,therefore3)选择：or,either…or,neither…nor4）并列和递进：and,both…and,aswellas，notonly…but(also)关联词用于引导从句。1.名词从句:Hedoesn’tknowwhatsheis.2.副词从句：Ifhecomes,I’llgiveittoyou.3.形容词从句：He’sthebeststudentI’veevertaught.关联词的类别及所表示的关系要特别注意关联词在从句中（及某些连接词在短语中）所担当的成分，这是正确使用关连词的关键。连词：引导名词从句，在从句中不做成分。1)that（无含义）：Isaidthathewaswrong.2)whether(if)（表示不确定性或选择关系）：Idon’tknowwhetheritiscorrect.连接代词：1)引导名词从句，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。A.who/which作主语（口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词）:Iaskedhimwhocameintotheroom./Iaskedhimwho(m)hesawwhom/which做宾语:Askhimwhichhewants.B.whose做宾语(=whosething(s))/定语：Iwonderwhosehousethatis.C.what做上面提及的各种成分:Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.2）与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语。Wecan’tdecidewhomtoinvite.Wemustdecidewhattodo.Icouldn’tdecidewhichtochoose.连接副词：引导名词从句或与不定式连用，在从句中做状语。1)how:That’showIlookatit.2)where:Idon’tknowwherehelives.3)when:Tellmewhentousethetool.4)why:I’lltellyouwhyyouhavetodoit.关系代词：1)who表示人，在从句中做主语和表语（口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词）:Themanwhospokeismyteacher.Idon’tknowwhoheis。ThemanwhoIsawtoldmethat.2)whom表示人，在从句中做宾语和表语：ThemanwhomIsawtoldmethat.3)whose表示“某人/物的”，ofwhich表示“某物的”，在从句中做定语：That’sthemanwhosesonismypupil.Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthisherbedroom.Theroomofwhichthewindowfacessouthisherbedroom.4)which表示物，在从句中做主语和表语:Ilikethepicturewhichwastakeninfrontofthemainbuilding.5)that表示人/物，在从句中做主语和宾语;注意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法。A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时：ThisisthebestfilmthatI’veeverseen.B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时：thefirst,thelast,theonly,thesame,thevery,all,any,no,every.Thisisthelastchancethatyouhave.YouaretheonlyfriendthatIhave.Hetoldmeallthatheknew.C.先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时：much,little,none,everything/body,nothing,nobody.There’snothingintheworldthatcanfrightenhim.D.以Who/Which开始的句子，其后的定语从句中的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that。Whothatknowshimwouldtrusthim?WhichofthesebusesistheonethatgoestoLondon?E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时：Themanandthehorsethatfellintotheriverweredrowned.6)关系代词做介词宾语。A.一般介词