中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题06动词的时态和语态课件人教新目标版.pptx

Clause1动词的时态类别类别2.动词的过去式及过去分词的构成变化情况考点二常见6种时态的构成及用法时态时态时态时态时态[拓展]过去将来时,过去完成时[了解]时态[注意]短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于howlong提问的问句中时,要转换成对应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下:arrive→beherebegin/start→beondie→bedeadleave→beawaygoout→beoutfinish/end→beovergetup→beupputon→wear/beonopen→beopenjoin→bein/beamemberofclose→beclosedborrow→keepbuy/get→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)marry→bemarriedfallill/sick/asleep→beill/sick/asleepClause2动词的语态时态[注意](1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.→Acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.我父亲给我买了一台电脑。(2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear,see,watch,notice,make,have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursadaybytheboss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法【巧学妙记】感官动词和使役动词:一感(feel);二听(hear,listento);三让(let,make,have);四看(see,watch,lookat,notice)考点二被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.中国南方种水稻。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。3.动作的发出者是某个事物。Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。如:It'ssaidthat…(据说……),It'sreportedthat…(据报道……),It'swell-knownthat…(众所周知……)等。考点三主动形式表被动意义1.look,smell,feel,taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。Theclothfeelssoft.这布摸起来很软。Thecaketastesdelicious.这蛋糕尝起来很美味。2.need/require/want+doingsth.意为“……需要……”。Thedoorneedsrepairing.这门需要修理。Thewindowwantscleaning.这窗户需要清洁。3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。Thesebookssellwell.这些书卖得很好。Theshopopenseveryday.这家店每天都营业。4.不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,runout等。Atrafficaccidenthappenedlastnight.昨晚发生了一起交通事故。Ifyouworkhard,yourdreamwillcometrue.如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。2024/6/29