2008高考语文复习 定语从句典型错误例析.doc

用心爱心专心115号编辑2008高考语文复习定语从句典型错误例析在使用定语从句过程中,有些学生往往会出现这样或那样的错误.为避免这些错误,现对一些常见错误作以归纳：1．从句中多余宾语[误]ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.[正]ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputintomymouth.上例中,关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,可省去,因此,从句中宾语it多余.2．从句中缺少主语[误]Heistheprofessorgaveusaspeechyesterday.[正]Heistheprofessorwhogaveusaspeechyesterday.关系代词who或that在定语从句中做主语不能省略,否则,句子结构不完整.3．从句中主谓不一致[误]I,whoisyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.[正]I,whoamyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.定语从句中,关系代词做主语时,应注意主谓一致,也就是说,根据先行词的人称和数来确定从句中谓语动词的形式.如：-Ijustspoketothedoctorwhoisaneyespecialist.Hewastheonlyoneofyoungestgirlswhoplaysintheband.4．搭配错误[误]Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsthatyoudonotunderstand.[正]Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.在such…as结构中,as所引导的中定语从句时,不能用其它关系代词代替,但在thesame…as结构中,如属同类则用as,如:如You’vemadethesamemistakeasIdid,notchanged,notanotherorothers作之意时,则需用that，如You’vemadethesamemistakethatyoumadelasttime。5．关系代词误用（1）what与that误用[误]Allwhatshecoulddowastogobackhome.[正]Allthatshecoulddowastogobackhome.what一词不能引导定语从句.当先行词是all时,应用关系词that引导定语从句,另外,有些复合不定代词（如nothingeverything:等）作先行词,或先行词受形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,关系代词常用that而不用which.如::Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverythingthathesawinthefactory.（2）Who与whom误用[误]Thecitizens,mostofwhowereworkers,welcomedthenewmayor.[正]Thecitizens,mostofwhomwereworkers,welcomedthenewmayor.关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰人时用Whom;同样,关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰物时用which如:ThetwothingsaboutwhichMarxwasnotsureweregrammarandsomeoftheidioms（3）that与which误用[误]Tom’sdog,thatwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied,[正]Tom’sdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied非限制定语从句,用关系代词which引导.（4）that与who误用[误]Theytalkedaboutanhourofthingsandpersonswhothey’rememberedintheschool.[正]Theytalkedaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthatthey’rememberedintheschool.先行词在多个,且既是人又是物时,要用关系代词that引导定词从句6．关系代词与关系副词混淆[误]I’vebeentothecitywhereyouvisitedlastweek.[正]I’vebeentothecitythatyouvisitedlastweek定词从句修饰代表地点、时问的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句.反之,要用关系副词where（表地点）或when（表时间）,在定语从句中作状语.如:Marywouldneverforgettheeveni