高考英语语法之一 名词性从句复习讲与练.doc

高考语法之一名词性从句复习讲与练在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that、who、whom、what、whether及when、where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序.一、主语从句:通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型1)It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.2)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,etc.)+that从句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.4)It+不及物动词(seem,happen等)+that从句ItseemedthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.2.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数.what引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.Whenandwherewellgoisn’tdecided.Whatweneedarebooks/iswater.二、宾语从句注意：动词suggest(建议),insist(坚持,主张),prefer(宁愿),request(要求),require(要求,命令),demand(要求),order(命令),command(命令),advise(建议)等词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略Itwassuggestedthatmoreteachersshouldbesenttheretohelpthem.Tominsistedthathisleadershipberecognizedbyalltheboys.三、同位语从句同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,关联词多用从属连词that.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.2.同位语从句意义完整,应用that;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用whether；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when，where，how等词。Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.3.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.四、表语从句1.由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。2、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.ItisbecauseIhaveeverheardofthestory.当主句的主语为reason,或者是w