高中英语 Unit 1 A Land of Diversity Section IV Grammar学案 新人教版选修8-新人教版高二选修8英语学案.doc

Unit1ALandofDiversitySectionIVGrammar学习目标：熟记虚拟语气中与现在事实相反的if条件句及Iwish加从句的用法。学习重点：熟记并理解虚拟语气，并能正确完成练习题。学习难点：学以致用，在文章中会使用虚拟语气。学习过程生命课堂—互动探究语法知识—预习探究名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why,wherever不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.比较：whether与if均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if取代：1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"ornot"Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.二、连接词that-名词性从句1、that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。主语从句：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.宾语从句：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.表语从句：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位语从句：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.形容词宾语：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.2、that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：A.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……B.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……C.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……D.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……三、wh-疑问词引导的名词性从句1、wh-疑问词包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why,whether等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补足语和间接宾语等，例如：主语从句：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.直接宾语：Inone'sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.表语从句：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.同位语从句：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.形容词宾语：I'mnotsurewhysherefusedthe