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大学英语跨文化交际总结.pdf

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大学英语跨文化交际总结Chapter1cultureThenatureofculture:1.cultureislikeaniceberg2.cultureisoursoftware3.cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin4.cultureisthegrammarofourbehaviorCharacteristicsofculture:1.cultureislearned(throughproverbs,folklore,art,massmedia)2.cultureisdynamic动态的3.cultureispervasive普遍的4.cultureisintegrated综合的5.cultureisadaptiveCulturalidentity文化认同1.culturalidentitydefined2.formationofculturalidentity(unexamined,search,achievement)3.characteristicsofculturalidentityCultureswithinculture1.subculture亚文化群2.Co-culture共文化3.Sub-group亚群体SummaryManyofustakeourcultureforgranted.Theonlytimewhenwemayeverthinkaboutitiswhenweleaveourowncountrytotravelabroadorwhenweencountersomeonewithaculturesodifferentfromoursthatwehavetoexamineourownbeliefs.Muchofwhatwethinkisthe"right"or"correct"waytoactordosomethingisactuallypartoftheknowledgethatwehavelearnedfromourculture.Cultureisalargeandinclusiveconcept.Thefirstdefinitionofculture,bytheEnglishanthropologistEdwardB.Tylor,involvesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,customsandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.Althoughthisdefinitionhastriedtocovermoreaspectsthatmaydirecthumanbehavior,moreinclusivedefinitionscontinuetocomeintobeing.However,inthisbook,cultureisdefinedfromtheinterculturalcommunicationperspective:cultureisthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.Comparedwiththedifferentideasonwhatcultureis,scholarsagreeonthecharacteristicsofculture.Generallyspeaking,cultureislearned,dynamic,pervasive,integratedandadaptive.Culturalidentityreferstoone'ssenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.Peopleidentifywithbeingamemberofagroup.Beingamemberofagrouphelpstodefinewhoweare.Weareallmembersofgroupsofdifferentsizes.Oneofthelargestgroupsthatapersoncanbelongtoisaculture.Everyonebelongstoaculture.Othergroupsthatpeoplemaybeame