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大学英语自学教程unit09学术词汇与普通词汇.docx

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大学英语自学教程unit09学术词汇与普通词汇大学英语自学教程unit09学术词汇与普通词汇09-A.LearnedwordsandpopularwordsIneverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhich,takentogether,makeupthewholevocabulary.First,therearethosewordswithwhichwebecomefamiliarinordinaryconversation,whichwelearn,thatistosay,fromthemembersofourownfamilyandfromourfriends,andwhichweshouldknowanduseevenifwecouldnotreadorwrite.Theyconcernthecommonthingsoflife,andarethestockintradeofallwhospeakthelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled“popular,”sincetheybelongtothepeopleatlargeandarenotthepossessionoflimitedclassonly.Ontheotherhand,ourlanguageincludesalargenumberofwordswhicharerelativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedperson,butthereislittleoccasiontousethemathome.Ourfirstacquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother'slipsorfromthetalkofourclassmates,butfrombooksthatweread,lecturesthatwehear,orthemoreformalconversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticulartopicinanelevatedstyle.Suchwordsarecalled"learned",andthedifferencebetweenthemand"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflanguage.Thedifferencebetweenpopularandlearnedwordsmaybeeasilyseeninafewexamples.Wemaydescribeagirlas“lively”oras"vivacious."Inthefirstcase,weareusinganativeEnglishwordformedfromthefamiliarnounlife.Inthelatter,weareusingaLatinderivativewhichhasexactlythesamemeaning.Yettheatmosphereofthetwowordsisquitedifferent.Nooneevergottheadjectivelivelyoutofabook.Itisapartofeverybody'svocabulary.Wecannotrememberatimewhenwedidnotknowit,andwefeelsurethatwelearneditlongbeforewewereabletoread.Ontheotherhand,wemusthavepassedseveralyearsofourlivesbeforelearningthewordvivacious.Wemayevenrememberthefirsttimethatwesawitinprintorhearditfromsomegrown-upfriend.BothlivelyandvivaciousaregoodEnglishwords,butLivelyispopularandvivaciousislearned.Theterms"popular"and"learned,”asappliedtowords,arenotabsolutedefinitions.Notwopersonshavethesamestockofwords,andthesamewordmaybe&quo