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大学英语自学教程(上册)unit23课文译文参考.docx

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大学英语自学教程(上册)unit23课文译文参考大学英语自学教程(上册)unit23课文译文参考大学英语自学教程(上册)unit23非言语交际23-A.Non-verbalCommunicationIfanyoneaskedyouwhatwerethemainmeansofcommunicationbetweenpeople,whatwouldyousay?Thatisn’tacatchquestion.Theanswerissimpleandobvious.Itwouldalmostcertainlyrefertomeansofcommunicationthatinvolvetheuseofwords.Speakersandlisteners-oralcommunication,andwritersandreaders-writtencommunication.Andyou’dbequiteright.Thereis,however,anotherformofcommunicationwhichweallusemostofthetime,usuallywithoutknowingit.Thisissometimescalledbodylanguage.Itsmoretechnicalnameisnon-verbalcommunication.Non-verbal,becauseitdoesnotinvolvetheuseofwords.NVCforshort.Whensomeoneissayingsomethingwithwhichheagrees,theaverageEuropeanwillsmileandnodapproval.Ontheotherhand,ifyoudisagreewithwhattheyaresaying,youmayfrownandshakeyourhead.Inthiswayyousignalyourreactions,andcommunicatethemtothespeakerwithoutsayingaword.Ireferredamomentagoto"theaverageEuropean”,becausebodylanguageisverymuchtiedtoculture,andinordernottomisunderstand,ornottobemisunderstood,youmustrealizethis.AsmilingChinese,forinstance,maynotbeapprovingbutsomewhatembarrassed.QuitealotofworkisnowbeingdoneonthesubjectofNVC,whichisobviouslyimportant,forinstance,tomanagers,whohavetodealeverydaywiththeirstaff,andhavetounderstandwhatotherpeoplearefeelingiftheyaretocreategoodworkingconditions.Bodylanguage,orNVCsignals,aresometimescategorizedintofivekinds:1.bodyandfacialgestures;2.eyecontact;3.bodycontactor"proximity";4.clothingandphysicalappearance;and5.thequalityofspeech.Iexpectyouunderstoodallthose,exceptperhaps"proximity."Thissimplymeans"closeness".Insomecultures-andIamsurethisisaculturalfeatureandnotanindividualone-itisquitenormalforpeopletostandclosetogether,ortomoreorlessthrusttheirfaceintoyourswhentheyaretalkingtoyou.Inothercultures,thisisdisliked;Americans,forinstance,talkaboutinvasionoftheirspace.Somesignalsareprobablycommontoallofus.Ifapublicspeaker(likeaprofessor,forexample)isallthetimefiddlingwithapencil,or