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英语语法呈现与操练技能.ppt

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第四章语法呈现与操练技能1PresentationPracticeProductionExplicitgrammarteaching(显性语法教学)Implicitgrammarteaching(隐性语法教学)Teacherwrites:whatareyoudoing?Iamreading.Teacherreadsandstudentsrepeat.TeacherexplainsthisisthePresentConditions.Teacherexplainsthattheformis:pronoun+be+presentparticipleformofverbTeacherpointsoutthecontraction.Teacherwrites:Iamreading.Studentsrepeat.Teacherwrites‘you’form:Youarereading.Studentsrepeat.Teacherwrites‘he’form:Heisreading.Studentsrepeatandwrite.Teachertellsstudentstolearnbyheart.Teacherdrillstheclass.Thedeductivemethodiscriticizedbecause:Grammaristaughtinanisolatedway;Littleattentionispaidtomeaning;Thepracticeisoftenmechanical.However,thedeductivemethodisnotwithoutmerits.Itcouldbeverysuccessfulwithselectedandmotivatedstudents.Itcouldsavetimewhenstudentsareconfrontedwithagrammarrulewhichiscomplexbutwhichhastobelearned.Itmayhelptoincreasestudent’confidenceinthoseexaminationswhicharewrittenwithaccuracyasthemaincriterionofsuccess.Intheinductivemethod,theteacherinducesthelearnerstorealisegrammarruleswithoutanyformofexplicitexplanation.Itisbelievedthattheruleswillbecomeevidentifthestudentsaregivenenoughappropriateexamples.Asresearchindicates,grammarinstructionshouldbemainlyimplicit,supportedbyexplicitinstruction.Atthebeginningstage,itisbettertoadoptmainlytheimplicitapproaches,andasstudentsprogress,theratioofexplicitinstructioncanbeincreased.Butifthestructureisnoteasyforthelearnerstodiscoverthemselvesevenwithacontextprovided,itisbettertoteachtheruleexplicitly.Thebestapproachisthecombinationofbothimplicitandexplicitinstruction.Substitutetheunderlinedpartwiththeproperformsofthegivenwords:greenlawncleanhouseprettygardenniceflowersMrsGreenhasthelargesthouseintown.Changethefollowingsentencesintothepasttense.Usetheadverbsgiveninthebrackets.NowhelivesinLondon.(lastyear,Paris)WehaveEnglishandmathstoday.(yesterday,musicandP.E.)Heusuallygetsupatseven.(thismorning,eight)Pairwork:Lookatthetablebelow.Ranktheitemsontheleftcolumnaccordingtothecriterialistedonthetop.Thestu