高中英语 Unit1 School life语法 定语从句讲练（1）牛津译林版必修1-牛津版高一必修1英语试题.doc

Unit1Schoollife定语从句（1）一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切因此紧跟先行词并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：whowhomwhichthat和whose另外as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：whenwhere和why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同和在从句中所充当的成分不同选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whomwhich和that在从句中做宾语时常可以省略但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人物主语宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人物主语宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?（作主语）②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）④Thisisthenewsecretary(who/whom/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况whichthat在代替物时一般可以通用。但在有些情况下只用that。先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如：①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词时。例如：①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行词是allmuchlittlesomethingeverythinganythingnothingnone等代词时。例如：①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行词前面有theonlytheveryanyfewlittlenoallmuchevery