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Unit1GreatScientistsWarmingupNinePlanetsIntheSolarSystemMercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星Mnemonics(记忆术)MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUranusNeptunePlutoFastreading1.WhatdidCopernicusthinkwasthecenterofthesolarsystem?2.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?CarefulreadingWhydidn’tCopernicuspublishhistheorybeforehedied?P7.1.Usethereadingtohelpyoudrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse.Persuasivewriting(PleaserefertoP8LearningTip)WritingTask:P73.NowwriteashortletteraskingCopernicustopublishhisideassoeveryonecanreadthem.Firstyouneedtocollectyourideas.Forexample:Hebelieveshisnewtheoryistrue.Thereareproblemswiththepresenttheory.Hehasdonemanyyearsofobservationstoprovehisnewtheoryistrue.Sciencecan’tdevelopunlesspeoplepublishtheirideas.Timewillshowifhistheoryistrueornot.Hereisaplan:Beginning:TellCopernicuswhoyouareandwhyyouwanthimtopublishhisideas.Paragraph1:Reason1andevidence.Paragraph2:Reason2andevidence.Summingup:Askhimtothinkagainaboutpublishinghisideas.Onepossibleversion:DearNicolausCopernicus,IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecertreoftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneedanewtheory.Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.SoIhopeyouwillfeelyoucanpublishyournewtheory.Yourssincerely,ZhangHuaNicolausCopernicuswasaPolishastronomer(1473-1543).BorninTorun,hebeganhisuniversitystudiesinKrakowin1491,wherehestudiedcanonlawandLatinandGreekclassics.Howeverhealsohadaninterestinmathematicsandastronomy.AfterobtaininghisdegreeofDoctorofCanonLaw(教会法规博士学位)inItalyin1503,C