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语法专题(五)名词性从句一、引导名词性从句的连接词1.连接代词和连接副词在句中不是疑问词,从句中要用陈述语序。2.连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分;连接词whether,if,asif在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用;连接词that在从句中不充当句子成分,且无含义,有时可省略。这样考过①(绵阳诊断)Itdoesn'tmattertome________Imissmytrain,becausethere'sanotheronelater.A.thatB.ifC.unlessD.when解析:if“如果”,表条件。句意为:如果我赶不上这班火车,也没有关系,因为接下来还有一班。unless“除非”;when“当……时候”。答案:B②(北京东城区)________ObamawaselectedpresidentoftheUSAisabigsuccessfortheblacksinAmerica.A./B.ThatC.WhatD.As解析:that引导主语从句。答案:B3.whether和if的区别:(1)whether和if在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用。这样考过③(北京)Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee________itgotanybetter.A.whenB.HowC.whyD.if解析:句意:一开始他不喜欢这份新工作,但还是决定给自己几个月的时间来看一看是否情况会有好转。此题考查宾语从句。D项表示“是否”,符合题意。答案:D(2)后面直接跟or或ornot时,只能用whether。这样考过④(2010·厦门双十中学)—Dad,I'vefinishedmyassignment.—Good,and________youplayorwatchTV,youmustn'tdisturbme.A.nomatterB.wheneverC.whateverD.whether答案:D(3)在介词之后引导宾语从句时,只用whether。这样考过⑤(2006·江苏)Wehaven'tsettledthequestionof________itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that解析:所填连词和后面句子一起作介词of的宾语,后面句中有地点状语,故B不正确,作介词的宾语,应用whether。答案:C(4)用if会引起歧义时,用whether:Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.请通知我你是否想来。/如果你想来请通知我。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.请通知我你是否想来。可能这样考⑥Imagineyouareinthesituation,anddiscuss________youshoulddosomethingatonce.A.thatB.whatC.ifD.whether解析:注意区别if和whether的用法;discuss后的宾语从句不能用if引导。答案:D(5)其他几种只用whether的情况:引导表语从句、同位语从句和让步状语从句时;引导主语从句置于句首时;后接动词不定式时。可能这样考⑦________itisnecessarytostudytheproposalsforseveralmoremonthsbeforemakingadecisionistobedebated.A.WhetherB.IfC.WhatD.That解析:此处为whether引导的主语从句。答案:A4.what,which,who,when,where,how等与whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however等引导名词性从句的区别:后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。这样考过⑧(北京西城区)—Hi,Peter.Youseemtohavegainedalotofweight.—Well,goodfood,notenoughexercise.That's________Igotfat.A.howB.whenC.whatD.whether解析:上文提到Peter你似乎体重增加了,Peter回答说,是的,吃好的,缺乏锻炼,这就是我怎么长胖的。答案:A⑨(邢台模拟)________studentyouare,youcan'tworkouttheprobleminsuchashorttime.A.WhatevercleverB.HowevercleverC.HowevercleveraD.Whateverclevera解析:howeverclevera=wha