2011年冲刺高考英语语法讲解与练习 名词性从句.doc

名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why主语从句一、主语从句的概念与类型主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that,whether以及连接代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever和连接副词when,where,why,how等.例如:Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她当选了使我们很高兴.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否来还是一个问题.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.他们何时出发还没决定.注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+adj./n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……2)It+不及物动词+从句Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……3)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证明…….例如:Itisbelievedthatatleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyed.据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.有人建议会议延期召开.It'sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.[巩固练习]1.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it2.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for3._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1)引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于allthat/everythingthat...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等.)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.例如:Whatisdonecan'tbeundone.(谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要