阅读理解方法指导（new）.ppt

阅读理解方法指导一——主旨大意题和细节理解题2013年高考考纲：要求考生能读懂简易的文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志及各类媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：阅读理解集中全面地考查考生从阅读中准确获取信息的能力，强调考生对语篇的整体把握能力，对语言文化因素的运用能力和解决实际问题的能力。通过分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。常见的提问形式：1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?4.Whichofthefollowingsentencescansummarizethemainideaofthepassage?5.Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressthemainideaoftheparagraph?Example1Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya“cakesmell”intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople’smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycakes,bread,rollsandotherbakedgoods!读首句抓大意Example2Humankindhastriedtoimproveitsstandardoflivingsincetheverybeginningofcivilization.Backthen,aswellastoday,providingfoodandsecuritywasthebasictaskforaperson.However,nowadaystherangeofrequiredgoodshasexpandedsignificantly.Peoplefeeltheneedfornotonlysomeprimarythings,suchasapieceofbreadandaroofovertheirheads,butalsoforvariousfacilitiesandluxuries.Providinghumanitywiththesethingsisconnectedtotheuseofnaturalresources,whichrequiresenergy.Inturn,thecommonsourcesofenergyweusetodaycausepollution,soeconomicgrowthisalmostinevitably(不可避免地)associatedwithenvironmentaldamage.读尾句抓大意Example3Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabulletisshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimbtoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesn’tstayupforever.Finally,likeeverythingelse,theplanemustcomedown.从段落中抓大意Example4ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1,000peoplebittenbysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer.”hesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChineseMedicin