高考英语 动词时态和语态详解.doc

高考英语动词语态详解动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者2.或者只需强调动作的承受者时要用被动语态。被动语态结构：be+过去分词(PP)+(by…)在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。时态被动语态结构一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone一般将来时shall/will/begoingtobedone过去将来时Wouldbedone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendoneEg.Somepeopleattackedthetowers.SVOThetowerswereattackedbysomepeople.SV1)Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.-Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．3)WhenIgottheretheywerecuttingupafallentree．AfallentreewasbeingcutupwhenIgotthere.4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．7)Weshouldprotecttheearth．Theearthshouldbeprotected．8)Youneedtopaintthewall．Thewallneedstobepainted．几种特殊结构1.Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday．Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday．Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.2.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar．Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar注意：seewatchhearnoticefeelmakelistentolookat等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。Weshouldtakecareoftheoldpeople.Theoldpeopleshouldbetakencareof.以下为提高部分主动式表被动义1。动词(表示主语的属性特征)+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly)用主动式表被动义。readwritesellwashcleanwearlockopencookshutdryeatdrink…1.Thebooks____well．A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsold2.Thiskindofcloth____easily．A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时用主动式表被动义。difficulteasyhardfitpleasantgoodcomfortablelightheavysafe…1.Thefishisnotfit_toeat_(eat)．2.We