意大利语助动词的用法.docx

意大利语助动词的用法意大利语助动词的用法学习意大利语怎么能不知道助动词的用法呢?下面就让小编为大家讲解一下吧。Whenformingthepassatoprossimo,whichauxiliaryverbshouldbeused—avereoressere?Howdoyoudecide?Compoundtensessuchasthepassatoprossimoareformedwiththepresentindicativeoftheauxiliaryverbavereoressereandthepastparticiple(participiopassato).TransitiveVerbsTakeAvereTransitiveverbsarethosethattakeadirectobject.Forinstance:Iohomangiatounapera.(Iateapear.)Lorohannogiàstudiatolalezione.(Theyalreadystudiedthelesson.)NonhomaivistoGenova.(I'venevervisitedGenoa.)Thecompoundtenseofatransitiveverbisformedwiththepresentindicativeoftheauxiliaryverbavereandthepastparticiple(participiopassato).Thepastparticipleisinvariableandendsin-ato,-uto,or-ito.Inphraseswithatransitiveverb,thedirectobjectoftheverbmaybeexpressedexplicitlyorimplied.Forexample:Iohomangiatotardi.(Iatelate.)IntransitiveVerbsTakeEssereSimplyput,intransitiveverbsarethosethatdonottakeadirectobject.Theseverbsusuallyexpressmovementorastateofbeing.Theauxiliaryverbessereplusthepastparticipleisusedtoformthepassatoprossimoandothercompoundsofalmostallintransitiveverbs(andthepastparticiplemustagreeinnumberandgenderwiththesubject.)Thetablebelowcontainsconjugationsofarrivare,crescere,andpartireinthepassatoprossimo.PASSATOPROSSIMOWITHESSEREPERSONARRIVARE(TOARRIVE)CRESCERE(TOGROW)PARTIRE(TOLEAVE,TODEPART)(io)sonoarrivato(-a)sonocresciuto(-a)sonopartito(-a)(tu)seiarrivato(-a)seicresciuto(-a)seipartito(-a)(lui,lei,Lei)èarrivato(-a)ècresciuto(-a)èpartito(-a)(noi)siamoarrivati(-e)siamocresciuti(-e)siamopartiti(-e)(voi)sietearrivati(-e)sietecresciuti(-e)sietepartiti(-e)(loro,Loro)sonoarrivati(-e)sonocresciuti(-e)sonopartiti(-e)Noticethateachofthepastparticiplesconjugatedwithesserehasfourpossibleendings,dependingonthegenderofitssubject.Takealookattheseexamples:Laziaèandataacasa.(Theauntwenthome.)Leziesonoandateacasa.(Theauntswenthome.)Lozioèandatoacasa.(Theunclewenthome.)Gliziisonoandatiacasa.(Theuncleswenthome.)Whenthegenderofthesubjectcon