铅酸蓄电池智能充电系统的设计.doc

摘要本文主要介绍了一种铅酸蓄电池智能充电系统的设计过程，包括对蓄电池充电方法的研究和充电系统的设计。在通过对蓄电池充电原理和充电方法研究的基础上，提出采用恒压限流充电和脉冲充电相结合的充电方法。这种充电方法可以始终地使充电电流在总体上逼近蓄电池的可接受充电电流曲线，并且在整个充电期间内适时地采取了去除蓄电池极化的措施。理论研究和实验数据表明，这种充电模式可以大大缩短充电时间，提高充电效率。在本充电系统的设计过程当中，采用了高频开关电源，主回路由三相整流电路、改进型全桥移相控制的零电压PWM变换电路和能量回馈电路组成，控制回路由SOC196KB单片机最小系统、模拟量检测电路、键盘和显示电路、执行电路组成。功率开关管选用IGBT，驱动芯片选用EXB841，移相控制芯片选用UC3879。通过采集蓄电池的端电压、充电电流等参数，送入80C196KB单片机进行分析和处理，得到相应的控制信号，控制主回路IGBT的通断，从而实现蓄电池的智能充电。实验结果表明，基于80196KB单片机控制的智能充电系统，其效率高、调节时间快的良好充电特性可得到充分发挥，使得蓄电池具有较高的使用容量和较长的循环寿命，可满足电机车动力蓄电池的充电要求，具有良好的应用前景，为提高蓄电池的性能和可靠性提供一条新的、有效的途径。关键词电机车;铅酸蓄电池;智能充电;80C196KB单片机AbstractThispapermainlyintroducesakindoflead-acidbatteriesintelligentchargingsystemdesignprocess,includingthebatterychargingmethodofresearchandchargingsystemdesign.Inthebatteryprincipleandchargingmethodsonthebasisofstudy,thepaperproposestheconstantpressureandpulsecurrentlimitingchargingchargingcombinationofchargingmethods.Thiskindofchargingmethodscanalwaystorechargecurrentinoverallapproximationbatteryacceptablechargingelectriccurrentcurve,andthroughoutthechargingperiodtimelyadoptedremovebatterypolarizationmeasures.Theoreticalandexperimentaldatashowsthatthismodelcangreatlyshortenchargingchargingtimeandimprovechargingefficiency.Inthischargingsystemdesignprocess,adoptsthehighfrequencyswitchingpowersupply,themaincircuitbythree-phaserectifiercircuit,improvedthewholebridgephaseshiftingcontrolZVSPWMtransformcircuitandenergyfeedbackcircuit,controlcircuit80C196KBcomposedbysinglechipminimizesystem,analoguedetectioncircuit,keyboardanddisplaycircuit,executivecircuitcomposed.ThepowerswitchtubechooseIGBT,drivechipchooseEXB841,phaseshiftingcontrolchipchooseUC3879.Bycollectingandanalyzingthebatteryvoltage,chargingcurrentparameterssuchas80C196KBmicrocontroller,toanalyzeandprocessing,obtainedthecorrespondingcontrolsignal,thecontrolofmainloopIGBThige,thusrealizebatteryintelligentcharging.Experimentalresultsshowthatthe80C196KBsingle-chipmicrocomputercontrolbasedontheintelligentchargingsystem,itshighefficiency,regula