专题八 冠词和代词.pptx

专题八冠词和代词考点北京近三年高考中没有直接对冠词和代词的考查题目,但是在题干中涉及了冠词和代词的内容。冠词 代词 考点一冠词一、冠词的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物,也可以是指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下: 冠词填空:①LaszloBiroinventedtheball-pointpen.②Thebiggestwhaleisthebluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29me-terslong—theheightofa9-storybuilding.二、不定冠词的用法1.不定冠词有a,an两种形式,当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意:不是辅音字母)时用a;当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)时用an。如:auniversity,ausefulanimal,aone-eyeddog,aEuropeancar,anhour,anhonestboy,anX-raymachine,anuglyman,anhonor等。冠词填空:③Iearn10dollarsanhourasasupermarketcashieronSatur-days.④Theteacheraskedustowritean800-word-longcomposition.2.表示one,thesame或every的意思。如:Theyareofanage.(=thesame)他们年龄相同。Iwillreturninadayortwo.(=one)我将在一两天内回来。3.不定冠词的常见搭配haveacold得了感冒haveagoodtime玩得高兴haveagiftfor有……的天赋haveawordwith与……谈话atablow一下子have/takearest休息一下haveaholiday度假makealiving谋生getalift/ride搭便车goonadiet节食asaresult因此asamatteroffact事实上asarule通常,照例afterawhile一会儿后inahurry匆忙地inasense在某种意义上inaword总之inamoment立刻onceinawhile偶尔ataloss困惑,不知所措atadistance保持一定距离forawhile暂时,一时onceuponatime从前allofasudden突然awasteof...……的浪费amatterof...一个……的问题Whatapity!真遗憾!withascoreof以……的分数haveapopulationof有……人口haveahistoryof有……的历史haveanareaof有……的面积acollectionof一批……aknowledgeof(=know)知道anunderstandingof(=understand)懂得三、定冠词的用法1.定冠词用在名词前表示特指。2.用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。如:TheGreensareattable.格林夫妇在吃饭。TheChensaregoingtomovetoLangfang.姓陈的一家要搬到廊坊去。3.用在表度量单位的名词前,构成“by+the+表度量单位名词”的结构。如:bythehour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo,但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不用冠词。如:Wegetpaidbythemonth.我们按月计酬。Meatissoldbyweight.肉按重量出售。冠词填空:⑤Thedietismeasuredincalories,whilethefoodissoldbythepound.⑥—It’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000ayear.—Right,hewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.4.“the+形容词或分词”有时也可表示一类人。如:thewounded伤员thedying垂死之人theunknown未知的事物thedeaf聋子theyoung年轻人theold老人theliving生者thedead死者5.“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中的the不可用形容词性物主代词代替。如:takesb.bythearm抓某人的胳膊Anapplefellfromthetreeandhithimonthehead.一个苹果从树上落下,砸在他的头上。此外,在beredintheface(脸红),belameintherightleg(右腿瘸),beblindinthelefteye(左眼瞎)等结构中,名词前也要用the。