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考研英语阅读综合辅导-医学类02.docx

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考研英语阅读综合辅导-医学类02考研英语阅读综合辅导-医学类02阅读综合辅导[医学类]题目序号题型归类第1题审题定位题型第2题细节推导题型第3题句间关系题型第4题细节推导题型第5题词汇题型Thecomplicationsfrequentlyaccompanyingdiabetes,suchasimpairmentofvisionandofkidneyfunction,arenowthoughttoresultfromthelackofcontinuouscontrolofbloodglucoseconcentrations.Thehealthypancreas,inresponsetoincreasesinbloodglucoseconcentration,releasessmallquantitiesofinsulinthroughoutthedayandtherebymaintainstheconcentrationwithinphysiologicallimits(nomoglycemia).Butthediabeticgenerallyreceivesonlyonelargedosedaily.Thediabetic’sbloodglucoseconcentrationcanthusfluctuategreatlyduringtheintervalbetweendoses,andithasbeensuggestedthatthecomplicationresultfromtheperiodsofhighconcentrationsofbloodglucose(hyperglycemia).Manyinvestigatorsthusbelievethatrestorationofnormoglycemiamighthalttheprogressionofsuchcomplicationsandperhapsevenreversethem.Therearethreeprimarytechniquesthathavebeeninvestigatedforrestorationofnormoglycemia.Theyare:transplantationofwhole,healthypancreases;transplantationofisletsofLangerthan,thatportionofthepancreasthatactuallysecretesinsulin,andimplantationofartificialpancreases.Therehas,infactbeenagreatdealofsuccessinthedevelopmentofthesetechniquesandeachseems,onthewhole,promising.Nonetheless,itwillundoubtedlybemanyyearsbeforeanyoneofthemisacceptedasatreatmentfordiabetes.Tomanypeople,theobviousapproachwouldseemtobesimplytotransplantpancreasesfromcadaversinthesamemannerthatkidneysandotherorgansareroutinelytransplanted.Thatwastherationalein1966whenthefirstrecordedpancreaswasperformed.Between1960and1975,therewereforty-sixpancreastransplantsinforty-fiveotherpatientsintheUnitedStatesandfiveothercountries.Butonlyoneofthesepatientsisstillalivewithafunctioninggraftandsurgeonshavefoundthattheprocedureisnotsimpleastheyoncethought.Thesurvivingpatienthasrequirednoinsulinsincetheoperation.Anotherpatientsurvived638dayswithoutrequiringinsulin.Andonepatientsurvivedatransplantationformorethanayear,butdiedwhenhechosenottotakeimmunosuppressivedrugs.Theseresults,thoughmeager,sugg