英语四级阅读理解模拟题第四套.docx

英语四级阅读理解模拟题第四套2015年英语四级阅读理解模拟题（第四套）第一篇：“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’sattention”，故选项D正确。Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1.Psychologistsarepidedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward____.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardsB)theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandD)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards.C)Theyhavedoubtsaboutexterna