代词的用法.docx

代词的用法代词的用法关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which的用法(1)关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which的用法英语中的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,它们是用来引导定语从句的.关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词,又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语或定语.如：Thisisthemanwhosavedyourson.这就是救了你儿子的那个人.(who在从句中作主语,先行词是man)ThemanwhomImetyesterdayisJim.我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆.(whom在从句中作宾语,它的先行词是man)Achildwhoseparentsaredeadisanorphan.失去父母的孩子是孤儿.(whose在从句中作定语,它的先行词是child)Hewantsaroomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.他想要个窗户面临大海的房间.(whose在从句中作定语,它的先行词是room)[1]who,whom和whosewho和whom代表人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,可省略.但若whom作介词宾语且介词放在其前时,不能省略;如介词位于句末时,可以省略.whose代表某人的,在从句中作定语.如：Themanwhoinsistsuponseeingwithperfectclearnessbeforehedecides,neverdecides.坚持看清楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定.(who作主语)Heisamanwhomeverybodyrespects.他是一个人人都尊敬的人.(whom作宾语,可以省略)Heisamanfromwhomweallshouldlearn.他是我们大家都应该学习的人.(whom作介词宾语且介词位于其前,不能省略)(此句也可以是：Heisaman(whom)weshouldalllearnfrom.)Thepeoplewhosehousesweredamagedwillbecompensated.房子被损坏了的人将给予补偿.Who,whom和whose可用于非限制性定语从句中,代表某人或某人的,此时不能用that.如：Mysister,whoisanurse,camehomeforafewdays.我姐姐回家住了几天,她是个护士.[2]whichwhich代表物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略,但作介词宾语且介词位于其前时不能省略.如：Thebookwhichhelpsyoumostarethosewhichmakeyouthinkmost.最能使你获益的书是那些最能让你深思的书.(作主语)Thisisafactorwhichwemustnotneglect.这是一个我们绝不能忽略的.因素.(作宾语,可省略)Whereisthebookfromwhichyouquotedthissentence?你引用这句话的那本书在哪儿?(作介词宾语且介词位于其前时,不能省略)which可用于非限制性定语从句中,代表物.如：Thebook,whichIboughtsecond-hand,ismadeofoak.我买的这张书桌是用橡木做的,它是二手货.[3]thatthat可以代表事也可代表人,在从句中可以作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略,但不能用于非限制性定语从句中.代表人时who比that用的多些,代表物时that比which用的多些.如：Theletterthatcamethismorningisfrommymother.今天早晨收到的那封信是我母亲寄来的.(that代表物,在从句中作主语)Thosestudentsthatfailedtheexamwillhavetotakeitagain.考试不及格的学生必须补考.(that代表人,在从句中作主语)Haveyouforgottenaboutthemoney(that)Ilentyoulastweek?你忘了上星期我借给你钱的事了吗?(that代表物,在从句中作宾语,可省略)Allthepeople(that)Iinvitedhaveagreedtocome.所有我邀请了的人都同意来.(that代表人,在从句中作宾语,可省略)Thehotel(that)westayedatwasbothcheapandcomfortable.我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒服.(that代表物,在从句中作介词宾语,可省略)(2)补充说明下列情况下,定语从句的关系代词只能用that,不能用which或who[1]当先行词中有形容词的最高级时.如：ShakespeareisthegreatestpoetthatEnglishhaseverha