wsns路由协议分析与仿真.doc

摘要WSNs路由协议分析与仿真摘要无线传感器网络集成了传感器、嵌入式计算、网络和无线通信四大技术，作为计算机科学技术方面研究的一个新领域，它的应用前景十分广阔，目前己经在学术界和军方引起了高度的重视。传统的无线路由协议不适合无线传感器网络的原因是因为无线传感器网络通常由大量密集的传感器节点构成，而这些节点的能源、计算能力和带宽都非常有限，所以设计出一个能够有效节约能源，使网络生命周期得到延长的路由协议成为了无线传感器网络的研究重点。本文阐述了无线传感器网络的概念、体系结构、节点结构、协议栈以及关键技术等相关内容；将一些典型的路由协议进行了分析和比较；在此基础上深入分析了LEACH协议，通过分析发现，在随机选择簇头的方案上，LEACH协议存在以下问题：（1）簇头节点分布不均匀；（2）簇的大小相差较大；（3）能量低的节点可能被选作簇头；（4）簇数目不能保证为最优值。这些问题都会影响网络寿命。于是本文提出了一个改进的协议——LEACH-CH协议，该协议通过全局节点的信息选举簇头节点，选出最优节点，减少能耗、延长网络生存周期。最后通过NS2仿真对比LEACH和LEACH-CH协议。关键词：无线传感网络；路由协议；LEACH协议；NS-2软件AbstractTheAnalysisandSimulationofWSNsroutingprotocolAbstractWirelesssensornetworksareintegrationofsensor,embeddedcomputation,networksandwirelesscommunicationtechnologyoffour.Asanewresearchfieldofcomputerscienceandtechnology,ithasabroadapplicationprospectandhasbeenhighlyvaluedbyacademicandmilitary.Traditionalwirelessroutingprotocolisnotsuitableforwirelesssensornetworksbecausewirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)usuallyconsistofalargenumberofintensivesensornodes,andthenodesareverylimitedinenergy,computingpowerandbandwidth,thusdesignaroutingprotocolthatcaneffectivelysaveenergyandmakethenetworklifecycleextendedbecomesafocusoftheresearchonwirelesssensornetworks.Thispaperintroducestheconcept,thearchitecture,thenodestructure,protocolstackandthekeytechnologyrelatedcontentofwirelesssensornetworks;analyzeandsummarizethedifferencebetweensometypicalroutingprotocolsforwirelesssensornetworks;Onthebasisofthat,thepapermakesadeepanalysisofLEACHprotocol,throughtheanalysisfoundthat,LEACHagreementexiststhefollowingproblemsduetotherandomselectionofclusterheadscheme:(1)theclusterheadnodedistributionisnotuniform;(2)thesizeoftheclusterislarger;(3)thenodeswithlowenergymaybeselectedasclusterhead;(4)thenumberofclustersisnotguaranteedtobeoptimalvalue.Theseproblemswillaffectthenetworklifetime.ThispaperproposesanimprovedprotocolthatcallsLEACH-CHprotocol.Theelectionofclusterheadnodesinformationglobalnode,selecttheoptimalnode,reduceenergyconsumption,andprolongthenetworklifecycle.Finally,roug