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素材-全国-2020_小学英语 英语故事（名人故事）卡尔•马克思生平.doc

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5卡尔·马克思生平KarlHeinrichMarxwasbornonMay5th,1818inthecityofTrier,Germanytoacomfortablemiddle-class,Jewishfamily.Hisfather,alawyerandardentsupporterofEnlightenmentliberalism,convertedtoLutheranismwhenMarxwasonlyaboyinordertosavethefamilyfromthediscriminationthatPrussianJewsenduredatthetime.Marxenjoyedabroad,seculareducationunderhisfather,andfoundanintellectualmentorinFreiherrLudwigvonWestphalen,aPrussiannoblemanwithwhomMarxdiscussedthegreatliteraryandphilosophicalfiguresofhisday.Notably,itwasWestphalenwhointroducedtheyoungMarxtotheideasoftheearlyFrenchsocialistSaint-Simon.AsastudentinBonnandBerlin,MarxwasgreatlyinfluencedbythephilosophyofHegel.WhileMarxwasimpressedwiththeHegelianprofessorsunderwhomhestudied,heultimatelyfoundhimselfattractedtoagroupofstudentsknownasthe"YoungHegelians."Thisgroupofyoungiconoclasts,includingDavidStrauss,BrunoBauer,andMaxStirner,wereinspiredbyHegelbutweredeterminedtochampionthemoreradicalaspectsoftheoldmaster'ssystem.Inparticular,theseLeftHegelianscalledintoquestiontheconservatismtheysawinHegel'savowedpoliticalandreligiousphilosophies.AlthoughMarxdesiredacareerasanacademicatthetime,hispoliticalsympathiespreventedhimfromreceivinganpositioninthestate-controlleduniversitysystem.Instead,MarxturnedtojournalismwherehisradicalpoliticsattractedtheattentionofPrussiancensors.Thepublicationforwhichheworkedwasshutdownforitspoliticallyincorrectcommentary,andthefrustratedMarxtraveledtoParis.Parisin1843wasaninternationalcenterofsocial,political,andartisticactivityandthegatheringplaceofradicalsandrevolutionariesfromalloverEurope.InParisMarxbecameinvolvedwithsocialistsandrevolutionariessuchasProudhonandBakunin.Mostsignificantly,though,itwasinParisthatMarxmetFriedrichEngels,thesonofawealthytextilemanufacturerinEnglandwhohadbecomeasocialistafterobservingthedeplorableconditionofworkersinhisfather'sfactories.Together,MarxandEngelsbegantodeveloptheideaswhichbecameRevoultionaryProletarianSocialism,or,asitisbetterknown,Communism.Eventually,MarxwasexiledfromFrance