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SunYat-senin1912.doc

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SunYat-senin1912 SunYat-senwasbornin1867anddiedin1925.SunwasanationalistrevolutionarywhobelievedthattheonlywayforChinatomoveforwardintheearly1900'swasforthecountrytobecomearepublicandadoptwesternwaysinindustry,agricultureetc.UnlessChinadidthis,Sunwasconvincedthatshewasdoomedtoremainbackwardbywesternstandards. SunYat-senwasbornintoapeasantfamilyinKwantangProvince.Hisfatherwasapeasantfarmer.Sun'sbrotherwasasuccessfulmerchantandhepaidforSuntoreceiveagoodeducation.SunwaseducatedatanEnglishspeakingschoolinHonolulu,Hawaii,andlaterattheNewCollegeofMedicineinHongKongwherehequalifiedasadoctorin1892. Sundidnotbecomeadoctor.Instead,bythetimeofhisgraduation,hehadbecomeconvincedthattheManchudynastywascorruptandthatwhileitexisted,Chinawouldremainbackward.Hebecameaprofessionalrevolutionary.HetouredEuropeandAmericaraisingfundsforthe"SaveChinaLeague".Despitethedanger,healsoventuredbacktoChinainanefforttostartarevolutionagainsttheManchu's.Theseallfailedandin1895,SunfledtoLondonforhisownsafety.Here,hewaskidnappedbystafffromtheChineseembassy,andheldaprisonertobesentbacktoChinaforalmostcertainexecution.HewasonlysavedbyvigorousprotestsbytheBritishgovernmentwhogothisrelease. Suncontinuedwithhisworkandespousedhis"ThreePrinciples"-Nationalism,DemocracyandSocialism.ThesebeliefsformedthebackgroundtotheLeagueofCommonAlliance"whichSunfoundedin1898.ThispartywastobecometheGuomindanginlateryears. TheChineseRevolutionin1911overthrewtheManchudynasty.SunwasinAmericawhenthishappenedbuthequicklyreturnedtoChina.InJanuary1913,anassemblyinNankingelectedhim"PresidentoftheUnitedProvincesofChina".However,ChinawasfarfromunitedandafterafewmonthsinofficeSunresignedinthehopethatthisgesturemightmaketherivalfactionsinChinapulltogethertoputthecountryfirstratherthantheirownindividualclaims.ThegesturedidnotworkandChinabecameanationrunbywarlordsintheirownregion.Centralgovernment,ifitdidexistatthistime,centredonCantonwhereSunremainedaninfluentialfigure. Between1922and1924,SunadaptedthebeliefsoftheGuomindangsothattheyap