铅、镉在典型植烟土壤中的吸附-解吸特性及环境风险评估.pdf

烟草科技／T0baccoScience＆Technology烟草农学／TobaccoAgronomy2010年第3期(总第272期)

铅、镉在典型植烟土壤中的吸附一解吸特性及环境风险评估

杨欣，陈江华，张艳玲，尹启生，张仕祥
1．中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院，郑州高新技术产业开发区枫杨街2号450001
2．中国烟叶公司，北京市西城区月坛南街55号100045

关键词：铅；镉；烟草；土壤；吸附；解吸
摘要：以我国主要产烟区4种典型植烟土壤(红壤、水稻土、黄壤、褐土)为试材，采用一次平衡法研究了
外加铅、镉在植烟土壤中的吸附一解吸行为，并利用保留因子对铅、镉在4种土壤中的环境风险进行了
评估。结果显示：4种植烟土壤对铅、镉的吸附存在很大差异，褐土对铅、镉的吸附能力最强，其次是黄
壤，水稻土和红壤的吸附能力则较弱。除褐土对镉的吸附外，4种植烟土壤对铅、镉的吸附均可用Lang．
muir及Freundlich方程拟合。在竞争吸附条件下，铅、镉的平均分配系数均下降，下降率分别为l4％～
34％和8％～25％，铅的存在明显抑制了土壤对镉的吸附，镉对铅的影响较小，铅、镉吸附量在水稻土和
红壤中下降幅度更大。随土壤中铅、镉含量的增加，环境风险呈几何级数增加，4种土壤中，两元素在水
稻土和红壤中的潜在环境风险更大。
中图分类号：$572．06文献标识码：A文章编号：1002—086l(20l0)03—0046—05

Adsorption-DesorptionBehaviorsandEnvironmentalRiskAssessmentofLead，CadmiuminTypical

TobaccoGrowingSoils
YANGXIN(1)，CHENJIANG-HUA(2)，ZHANGYAN—LING(1)，YINQI—SHENG(1)，andZHANGSHI—
XIANG(1)
1．ZhengzhouTobaccoResearchInstituteofCNTC，Zhengzhou450001，China
2．ChinaNationalLeafTobaccoCorporation，Beijing100045，China
Keywords：Pb；Cd；Tobacco；Soils；Adsorption；Desorption
Abstract：Takingred，paddy，yellowandcinnamonsoils，whicharetypicalinmajortobaccogrowingareasin
China，asexperimentalmaterial，thePbandCdadsorption—desorptionbehaviorsofthesesoilsampleswere

investigatedwithlinearequilibriummethodandtheenvironmentalriskofthepresenceofPbandCdinthese

soilswasassessedwithretentionfactors．TheresultsshowedthatPbandCdadsorptiondifferedsignificantly

betweenthesoilsampleswithhighestadsorptioncapacityofcinnamonsoil，followedbyyellowsoil，tailedby

paddysoilandredsoil．ThePbandCdadsorptionintobaccogrowingsoilcouldbewelldescribedby

LangmuirandFreundlichequationwiththeexceptionofCdincinnamonsoil．Themeandistributioncoefficient

ofCdandPbdecreasedby14％一34％and8％-25％，respectively，underacompetitivecondition，which

meansthatthepresenceofPbobviouslyinhibitsCdadsorption，whilethepresenceofCdimpartslesseffects

onPbadsorption；andPbandCdadsorptioninpaddysoilandredsoildroppedmoresharply．The

environmentalriskassessmentindicatedthattheenvironmentalriskwasmultipliedgeometricallywiththe

increaseofPbandCdcont