土壤农艺调控措施对苹果和果园土壤镉污染的影响.pdf

第24卷第2期水土保持学报Vol.24No.22010年4月JournalofSoilandWaterConservationApr.,2010*土壤农艺调控措施对苹果和果园土壤镉污染的影响于祎飞,李保国,齐国辉,刘雯斐,李迎超(河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000)摘要:以10a生红富士苹果树为试材,通过土施不同剂量的氯化镉和改良剂,研究了增施有机肥、磷钾肥以及土施生石灰等土壤农艺调控措施对苹果园镉污染的影响。结果表明:各处理的土壤有效镉含量、苹果叶片和果实镉含量均极显著低于对照。在本试验所设9个处理中,不同镉剂量处理下,以200g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+0.5g/kg磷钾肥处理和100g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+1g/kg磷钾肥处理的镉含量为低,使低、中、高3个镉剂量区土壤有效镉含量分别比对照减少36.6%,31.5%,22.9%;土壤有效镉含量比例分别比对照降低24.8%,21.4%,21.4%;叶片镉含量分别比对照减少41.6%,34.7%,17.0%;果实镉含量分别比对照减少53.9%,31.0%,28.6%。根据拟合公式推算出:当土壤镉含量低于2.95mg/kg时,200g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+0.5g/kg磷钾肥处理的果实镉含量较低;高于2.95mg/kg时,100g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+1g/kg磷钾肥处理的果实镉含量较低;两处理土壤镉调控极限值分别为7.84mg/kg和11.59mg/kg。在实验浓度范围内,土壤有效镉含量以及对苹果叶片、果实镉含量的直接通径系数和极差分析值均以生石灰为最高,有机肥次之,磷钾肥最低。生石灰对土壤有效镉含量以及对苹果叶片、果实镉含量的调控作用最强,有机肥次之,磷钾肥最小。关键词:苹果;镉污染;有效镉;农艺调控中图分类号:X53;S661.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1009-2242(2010)02-0197-04EffectsofSeveralAgronomyRegulationsonSoilCadmiumPollutionintheAppleOrchardYUY-ifei,LIBao-guo,QiGuo-hui,LIUWen-fei,LIYing-chao(CollegeofForestry,AgriculturalUniversityofHebei,Baoding,Hebei071000)Abstract:10-year-oldFujiappletreeswereusedasmaterialstostudytheeffectofseveralagronomyregula-tionsonsoilcadmiumpollutioninapple.Theresultsshowedthat:Alltreatmentsofthecadmiumcontentinsoil,leafandfruitofapplewerepositivesignificantbelowthecomparison.Alltreatments,withthedifferentsoilcadmiumtreated,inwhichthecadmiumcontentislowerintreatof200g/kgorganicfertilizer+30g/kgquicklime+0.5g/kgpotassiumphosphateand100g/kgorganicfertilizer+30g/kgquicklime+1g/kgpo-tassiumphosphate.Thetreatmentsreducedthecadmiumcontentby36.6%,31.5%,22.9%ineffectivecadmiumcontentand24.8%,21.4%,21.4%ineffectivecadmiumproportionand41.6%,34.7%,17.0%inleafand53.9%,31.0%,28.6%infruit.Calculatedinformula,thesoilcadmiumcontentbelow3.57mg/kg,thefruitcadmiumcontentintreatof200g/kgorganicfertilizer+30g/kgquicklime+0.5g/kgpotassiumphosphateislower;exceed3.57mg/kg,thefruitcadmiumcontentintreatof100g/kgorganicfertilizer+30g/kgquicklime+1g/kgpotassiumphosphate;themaximumvalueofthetreatmentsis7.64mg/kgand11.97mg/k